Tuesday, May 26, 2009

Why Thought Suppression is Counter-Productive (Extra Credit)

http://www.spring.org.uk/2009/05/why-thought-suppression-is-counter-productive.php#more-6059

This article explores the reason for the thoughts we try to suppress coming back at us. They looked at many tests done, and found something called a "Thought Rebound." That is when the thought that is trying to be surpressed comes back stronger, and happens a lot. One study had some people try to not think about a white bear. The other people weren't told to do anything. They spoke their thoughts out loud, and any time they thought of a white bear they had to ring a bell. The ones trying to not think about the white bear rang the bell twice as much as the others. This is shown to happen a lot. It happens more with emotional memories, as more tests have found. Then it was thought that practice as suppressing a memory made it easier to suppress. This theory was tested and it was found out that that was a correct assumption. Practice makes perfect.

At the end the article ponders why this would happen. To some people it seems like their brain is being disobedient. A theory known as "ironic processes theory" explains that when the brain is told to suppress something, the unconscious checks to see if it is being correctly suppressed, while the conscious is trying to distract itself. Once the unconscious picks up on a signal that reminds it of the suppressed thought, the distraction turns off and the suppressed thought comes back up.

This was a great article, that wasn't just interesting but also comprehendable. It was concise and to-the-point, and I got everything I needed to know out of it. Thought suppression is something I sometimes wonder about, and this article was very helpful in my understanding of the subject, in not just why it happens, but also how it happens.

It is also very relevant to psychology, especially people trying to suppress bad thoughts. A person might be trying to suppress the thoughts, and after reading this article realize that that isn't helping, and try to find something else to do. This is something a lot of depressed people have to deal with. This article also includes a paragraph about how suppressing bad feelings of depression makes them come back stronger, and is therefore unhelpful.

Thursday, May 14, 2009

Panic Attacks and Anxiety (Extra Credit)

http://www.uncommon-knowledge.co.uk/panic_attacks/anxiety.html

This article explains the different sides of anxiety attacks, such as how we got to have them, why we have them, how they spread to different situations, and how to cure them. It begins by giving us a story about a woman who lived in a tribe, way before technology, who was gathering twigs in the wild. She encountered a bear near a rocky cliff, and was attacked. It was a bad experience, so whenever she was near another rocky cliff, she would have what we now call a "panic attack", a great feeling of unease that made her run away. This story demonstrates that we are not 'man the hunter' as we have been called before, but 'man the hunted', we had to be careful and fearful of wild animals that could attack us, and so we would have panic attacks during times when we encountered a situation similar to one we had previously experienced that was frightening.

Since our brain makes us panic when we come in contact with someone that reminds us of our previous experience, we can have panic attacks at unrational times. This article uses the example of having on in a car, and then having more while being on a bus or train, because they are similar. Even though they don't present the same danger, the situation is still the same in certain ways and so your brain still reacts. This is because we 'err on the side of caution', or are over cautious, because that it how we survived.

I think this article was appropriate and relevant for the world of psychology. It brings new insight into why we have panic attacks, and then wraps it up with ways to cure unhelpful anxiety attacks.

It was interesting and unique and very helpful to me personally.

Thursday, May 7, 2009

Multiple Intelligences in Nokomis

My learning style from the multiple intelligences is mostly musical, and Nokomis doesn't really cater to that learning style a lot. We do have a lot of great music classes and everything, but that doesn't reach out to our other classes that are required, like maths and sciences. It doesn't even reach as far as drama club, where we could do things like musicals. Doing a musical came up as an idea for us to do, but we never went through with it, and that upsets me because doing a musical would have been a great opportunity. I love Drama, it's what I'm doing for my major, and using my learning style of musical learner along with that would have helped me a lot.

I remember back during my Freshman year my English teacher would let us listen to music while we wrote journals, and that was always very helpful. Sometimes teachers let us listen to our iPods, but they never incorporate it into their subjects.

Friday, May 1, 2009

The comment I left on: Toy Guns

I get that the article advocates for both sides, but what else do they say about both sides? Like, do they explain why or how gun fuels aggressive behavior? I feel like this article isn't really explained very well to me.

Also, since I don't know who Smith is, I'm not really sure what you're referring to when you talk about his 15 page work.

Wednesday, April 1, 2009

Memory Experiment

I have given my test subect, I will call her A, four pieces of paper with a short description of the three real memories and the fourth fake memory. The three real memories are: going to the One Act festival for Drama Club Sophomore year, coming to my house for a party, and coming to my house just to hang out. The fake memory is being at her friend's house and making chocolate cheesecake with me and a third friend.

When I gave her the papers, I told her to write as much about each memory as she can. She asked me what to do if she already knew which memory was fake, so I told her to just make stuff up.

When she gives them back to me, I want her to tell me which memory she thinks is false, although I have a feeling she already knows which one it is, even though I tried to make it convincing.

We'll see.

4-2-09: Angela has finished writing out three of her memories, and has figured out that the Cheesecake memory is false. 

Friday, March 27, 2009

The Truth About Compatibility (5)

This article takes the opinions of many different professionals about their idea of "compatibility." It's something not a lot of people can agree about, but it is something that turns up not only in our private lives but also in our public lives. A lot of people seem to have trouble getting love, or holding on to it. This article tries to help.

This article brings up the idea that compatibility between two people is made, not something you're born with. It's something you have to work for. Nancy Slotnick is quotted in this article, saying "I think you can have an even more fulfilling relationship if you respect each other's worlds, and learn a little bit from each other." A lot of the proffessionals say that it is about personality, and not only about having the same personality, but being with a person whose personality is one you can get along with.

This article didn't do much to hold my attention. A lot of stuff on the first page didn't stand out to me as profound or important. It was mostly just the stuff they give you before getting to the meat of the story. And the meat of the story wasn't so great, it was just quotes from a bunch of other people, which also seemed unimportant.

It didn't bring any earth-shattering new ideas to the world of psychology. It's more focused on specific people and the idea of "love" and how some people may define it. It does bring up some new ideas on how to define love and compatibility, but it wasn't something that seemed very important to me.

http://www.psychologytoday.com/articles/pto-3595.html

Curing phantom limb pain with hypnosis (4)

This article uses the case of a woman named "Diane" who had her leg amputated after a traumatic accident, which not only caused her leg to become infected with gangrene, but gave her post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) on top of that. After the amputation, Diane was feeling what's known as "phantom limb pain". PLP is a pain felt where your amputated limb used to be. This can be very difficult to cure, since the limb in pain is no longer there. In fact, the only reason the pain is felt at all is because the brain doesn't realize there is no longer a limb there.

That's where hypnosis comes in. Through hypnosis, the map of the body that's in the brain can be redone so that it recognizes that there is no longer a limb there. Once this has happened, the pain stops. Diane went under this hypnosis procedure, and it worked remarkably, proving the effectiveness of this method.

This was an interesting article, but didn't seem to be as professional as it could have. There were a few errors in the way it was set up, like some paragraphs being more spaced than others, but overall it didn't take away from the article, and it was very interesting. I had heard of phantom limb pain before, and it always seemed scary to me. I never knew that hypnosis could cure it. It's nice to know something besides a drug could be used.

This article is very important and relevant to psychology. Phantom limb pain is something a lot of amputees can get, and can be really hard to live with. Introducing the idea of using hypnosis to cure it is genius.

http://www.uncommon-knowledge.co.uk/articles/phantom-limb.html

Thursday, March 19, 2009

Drugs for Erasing Memory? (3)

After a quote from the character Lady Macbeth in Shakespeare's famous play, about getting rid of her memory, this article goes on to explain how one could actually have their memory erased by using a pill. This pill would block the action of stress hormones, which are released by a part of the brain known as the amygdala. The amygdala decides what is important enough to remember. If that is blocked, then memories (especially the bad ones) could stop being remembered. It essentially disconnects emotion from memory, weakening the memory. It's been proven that strong emotion and memory go hand in hand. It's a simple and appealing way to avoid psychological damage after a traumatic event. However, this may not be the best idea.

The President's Council on Bioethics is set against this memory-altering drug. They fear that it could lead to people being disconnected from themselves or from reality. The very reason we have strong emotional responses to certain memories is because they are less trivial than other things that go on during the day. We would remember them longer and more vividly. All emotional memories serve a purpose, no matter how painful they may be. The bad memories help us avoid dangerous things in the future. Tests done on lab rats have proven this to be true of the drug.

Other studies have proven that humans sometimes do this naturally. Like when you notice something that reminds you of a bad memory, you momentarily flinch, and after awhile you can make yourself forget that memory. How that is explained therapeutically, though, is not known. There are still many people that believe the drug is a bad idea, and not enough people are working on it for it to be sold in stores too soon.

This was a fairly good article, mostly for its subject and its unbiased view of the topic. It examines both sides of the ethics of erasing memories with drugs in equal depth, and with equal amounts of research. However, the article also repeated itself a lot. Ideas were repeated, even if they were in different words, it made the article long as well as a little boring at times. However, overall I say it was a good, in-depth article.

Its importance in the world of psychology is mostly obvious. There are many areas it covers: how to erase memories, what erasing memories would do, and whether or not we should do it. It allows you to learn a lot about the first two, and form your own opinion about that last one. I would say this is very important.

http://www.cognitiveliberty.org/neuro/memory_drugs_sd.html

Wednesday, March 18, 2009

Ethics in Memory Erasing Drugs

Using a drug, or any unnatural method, to erase the memory of a human being is unethical, and potentially dangerous.
http://www.cognitiveliberty.org/neuro/memory_drugs_sd.html
http://www.time.com/time/health/article/0,8599,1671492,00.html
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1145777/Pill-erase-bad-memories-Ethical-furore-drugs-threaten-human-identity.html

It sounds nice to have some horrible memory erased, especially if it is inhibiting to your everyday life. When something happens that sends adrenaline through your body, it's a hard thing to forget. Doctors use a drug that stops the stress hormones from working, and makes the memory easier to forget. It also prevents you from making stronger memories in the future. It esentially disconnects emotion from memory, because the more emotion you connect to a certain memory, the more that memory stays.

Some people believe that erasing memories can disconnect people from their true selves. And it makes sense. Our emotions make us what we are. If we are being unemotional, we aren't being ourselves. We're remembering these things for a reason, no matter how horrible they are. We remember them so that we can learn, adapt, and survive. If something bad happens to us, remembering helps us if the situation ever arises again. We can spot the warning signs, and avoid the bad situation. It also keeps us from doing dangerous things over and over again.

Monday, March 9, 2009

You Chose an Awful Morning

This morning while I was still dreaming I could hear my alarm going off, so somewhere between dreaming and waking I turned it off, so I woke up way too late. It's because of this damn daylight savings time created by that asshole Ben Franklin (or so I heard). I couldn't take a full shower, so I feel really unclean. Then I think I put my contact in backwards because it keeps trying to pop out of my eye (probably because I was so freaking tired). Thomas (my five year old brother) kept yelling at me for looking at him like he always does. Mom hurt his feelings so she kissed him to make him feel better while I was waiting for us to leave, and I felt like crap.

Then we got dropped off really early so I went to the library to return Dracula which I finished reading Saturday night, after having it for a month.
Then I hung out in front of the stage with Emily and Andrew, and Angela came up and said "People I love!" and to be funny I added "And me!" but she thought I was being serious, and I guess I felt a little serious.
Then she had a chocolate milk and I was really thirsty and she didn't want her chocolate milk so I asked her if I could have it and she let me have it, and I said "I'm really thirsty, but this will probably make me even more thirsty because that's what milk does." But everyone ignored me.

Then we went on the stage because Mr. M showed up and gave us evaluation forms for the In-Works Festival we went to at Lawrence over the weekend, and it said "In-Works Evaluation Forms" on a folder, and I said "Do you mean the permission slips?" and he said no, and gave me a form, and I said it looked like a lot of work, and he said something and then said "Oh wait, you don't care," because I'm a senior and won't be able to go to the festival next year. So I got a black Crayola marker and wrote out my evaluation and told them they should make the food cost less money because lunch was 4$ which was okay, but supper was 5$ and Mr. M only told us to bring 8$ so I was a dollar short, so I didn't get chips.

When I was done with the evaluation form I think I just stood around and talked, but the bell rang kind of soon, so I went up to my homeroom.

In homeroom, B1, J2, B3, and D were there, and B1, J2 and D were being rude and obnoxious, which I expect from the first two but not D. I decided to ignore them and read Hamlet (with notes) but I couldn't focus and it was making me angry. B1 kept making homophobic remarks and it was making me angry, and J2 and D (who are both bisexual) were egging him on. Mr. R had been out of the room, so when he came back I said "I would like to be in a different room. I don't feel safe here."
Mr. R asked what happened (or something) and I said something about B1 being an asshole, and he said he would talk to them and I said: "No, you won't. You will joke with them and make them feel like it's okay to say those kinds of things because that's what you always do."
Then B1 went "Oh, Mr. R's an asshole now, too!" And I was super pissed and said I would like to transfer to Mrs. S's room because all of the assholes from her class seem to come to my homeroom, and then Mr. R said nothing.

And then the bell rang so I ran out of there and went to my study hall where I signed out to go to the stage, and when I got there I went behind the wall and cried.
Then I came back out and Jarrett noticed that I had been crying so he started talking to me but we were interrupting Mr. M so we went for a walk to the cafeteria and he put his arm around me and rubbed me and comforted me and talked to me, and Mr. B came in and told us we had to get somewhere but Jarrett told him we were just on the stage and Mr. M knew where we were.

We talked for awhile and Jarrett said a few things that I kind of didn't agree with but made me feel better, like about how B1 is probably just projecting his bad feelings of himself onto others and how D will just try to make everyone happy at the same time and how college will be better. And he said I could switch to Ms. M's room because him and Kaylee and Jeremy and Carlton were there, and there were two homophobes in there but they didn't say much or something, and I thought that sounded like a good idea.

Then I felt dumb so we went back to the stage and watched the actors perform Prelife Scenes, and Emily did one where two boys had to be in a gay relationship, but one boy was Emily's husband (and this was the scene where her characters in the play found out about it) and as soon as Emily's character walked off the stage, the two boys ran into the bedroom and started humping each other, and we all laughed and thought it was great, and I wondered if they were allowed to do that but Mr. M didn't say anything so we all just kept laughing, and Tyler looked kind of scared.

Then Devin was doing a scene where he was auditioning guys to go out with his sister, and Jarrett was one of them and he took off his shirt and was all sexy and called him Ramon or Rupert or something like that. It was a lot more fun.

Then the bell rang and I went to AP calculus and pretended to punch Carlton like I learned how to do at the workshop at Lawrence, and Autumn saw and she said it was pretty good. Then we got on computers and started reviewing and Mrs. S had a talk with us about how we were AP students and we were supposed to pass our homework in on time, which I didn't think was fair because she hasn't been doing the best job of teaching us these things. She goes really fast and writes things on the board and then gives us homework, and the homework always seems so different from the classwork that I don't know what to do.

Then she got a phonecall, and told me I had to go down to see Ms. N, and I knew right away it was about this morning. So she wrote me up a pass to go down to the office and I was almost in tears the whole way down because I was sick of talking about this but I knew Ms. N would help me.

So I got in there and she brought me into her office and I sat down and I described the situation in as much detail as I could, and she told me Mr. R felt bad about this morning, which made me feel a little better, because it seemed like he didn't feel bad at all.

Then she talked a lot about how she couldn't understand this kind of behavior and how it would come back to bite them in the ass when they're adults, and I was only kind of half listening because it was all kind of what Jarrett had told me earlier and I had only half listened to him as well.

Then she told me that she was proud of me for standing up for myself, but something about not letting it get to the boiling point and doing what I was getting mad at them for doing, but that wasn't what I did.
I called B1 an asshole because he was being an asshole, I didn't offend anyone else by doing that, only B1. When someone calls someone else gay, I get offended because I hear it.

Then Ms. N let me go and I met up with Justin and I wish he could see how sad I was, but all he did was give me a little friendly hug, and asked me what we were doing in AP Calc, and I told him we were reviewing, and we got back and we finished up on the computers and then we started going over old homework that we hadn't passed in, and Autumn and I used each other to get answers.
And I told her about how Mr. M gave me a dollar at the festival and told me that I had to buy him a soda, and I went "I owe Autumn so many sodas, you don't even know" because we always say something at the same time and she'll go "Jinx, you owe me a soda!" and I am in soda-debt.

So we went over some homework that I was really confused on and it helped a lot even though I didn't finish all of it, but we had to leave so I put it away, went to my locker to get my coat because I have playwriting right after this class and I don't have any time between this class and that one to get my stuff to go outside (because playwriting is in the portables and I have no body fat) and put my calculus away. And then I came into this classroom.

Friday, February 27, 2009

Dream Interpretation

The Dream: My mom was dating the Joker, they were trying to have a baby and I walked in on my mom taking a pregnancy test with the Joker standing over her, holding the pregnancy test box. So I yelled at them about how they needed to take care of me and how irresponsible they were being. Then the Joker was making me scratch lottery tickets and save all of the winning ones, but I lost them and couldn't find them and was searching frantically for them even though they were only about $5 each.

The Interpretation: The part where I yell at my mom is a thinly veiled message that I don't think my mom is taking good care of me. The fact that she is dating the Joker means I think her boyfriends are clowns. Me scratching lottery tickets means I feel pressured to make money. Me losing them means I fail at making money.

Tuesday, February 10, 2009

Grateful for Today (2)

http://www.psychologytoday.com/articles/index.php?term=pto-3047.html&fromMod=emailed

Peace of mind is in relaxed awareness of the present, not continually searching for something special. So says Hara Estroff Marano in this article. Acknowledging the fact that people are searching for ways to be happier, Marano consulted Josh Baran, author of 365 Nirvana Here and Now: Living Every Moment in the Enlightenment. Baran was once a Zen Buddhist priest, and was always searching for the truth. He didn't like it, because the process was exhausting. Then he realized that peace of mind was right in front of him, in his face.

Josh Baran suggests that you stop thinking about what is missing, and start thinking about what you have. He himself takes snippets of quotes from movies and books and writers about living in the now. To make your life seem more new, for instance, you can take a bath and feel the bath, notice how warm it is, and enjoying it. "Life is only lived moment to moment," Baran says. And once you start thinking that way, it will become more enjoyable.

I enjoyed this article and agreed fully with it. My own personal therapist often tells me that when I'm stressed out or feeling bad, I need to stop and think about what it presently going on, instead of thinking about the future.

This article doesn't bring any new research or ideas to the world of psychology. However it does educate people on how to live better lives and be happier. It's something psychologists can use with their patients, and something everyone can learn from.

Marano, Hara Estroff. "Grateful for Today." Psychology Today (2003).

Thursday, February 5, 2009

Pursuit of Happiness (1)

http://www.psychologytoday.com/articles/pto-20081215-000001.html

The article "The Pursuit of Happiness" has two parts to it. The first part, the first page, is about the "happiness frenzy" and how it has spread through our society in the past few years. Not only were 4,000 books sold on the subject of happiness in just one year, but schools started teaching popular classes about positive psychology. Psychologists, neuroscientists, and behavioral economists have jumped on board and done research in their areas about what makes us happy. Research shows that this rise in happiness research may be because our nation as a whole is becoming sadder, or so we say.

The last three pages of the article are about real, proven ways to make yourself happy. They have ideas such as setting goals, living in the now, making enough money to live comfortably, and have strong personal relationships. These ideas are all general, but the author believes it is these methods that will help you live a happier life.


Considering the research this article has provided, it is apparent to me that this is a very relative topic to today's society. 15% of people are clinically depressed. It also offers a lot of good advice that I myself have been given, and would give, on how to have a happier life. However, the length of the article and the way it jumps around to different topics makes it hard to focus on and learn from.


This article isn't exactly useful to the field of psychology, it doesn't offer any new scientific information. This was basically just a guide for depressed people to get their lives together.

Flora, Carlin. "The Pursuit of Happiness." Psychology Today. Jan. & feb. 2009.